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Alas, there are a two similar but critically different meanings of the term become confused. Most people want to say, however, that postmodernism originated in the middle of the twentieth century and was a rejection of the "modern " or "modernism.".
The most prominent one, however, is probably Jean-Francois Lyotard 's definition of postmodernism as an incredulity towards meta-narratives . This means the postmodern is one who is skeptical of theories that speak in grand generalities and that universalize their conclusions. Translated into therapy theory this often means that the therapist works to
avoid dogmatic posturing about the "Truth" of the client's situation. In discussion forums this may mean that the quest is not for consensus around some grand statement of the truth but for paralogy . This kind of postmodernism tends to be utopian and visionary, imagining that postmodernism can bring us better lives.
On the other hand, postmodern sometimes means disillusionment with the standard way of understanding things. In this case, the therapist tries to offer a more correct (or helpful?) way of thinking and these helpful ways tend to be counter-intuitive for mainstream cultural thinking. In this case, therapists often talk about the dominant or oppressive narrative and offer, in its stead, a preferred narrative. Some disillusioned postmoderns, however, are nostalgic, feeling even that the loss of the metanarrative devastates mental health and that we should fight
postmodernism in order to to make it a better world.
There is, therefore, an ongoing controversy about postmodernism that revolves partly around different definitions of the term.
objectified experience of phenomena taken as recurrent, structured, identifiable, and predictable universally; the possible and certain foundation of sentient being in the world. Generally, that which is loosely called 'reality' which in literature has a specific meaning in 'realism'.
a scripted world-view; a stance somewhere between public/formalized and personal/commitment. Example: in 'The Dream of the Rood', a tree is recognized as a cross becomes a crucifix imbued with significance by an individual or enhylon
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individual in the text who, unchanged by action, remains consistent.
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individual in the text consistent only to the extent it remains inconsistent; enigmatic behavior; a desire to change without regard for consistencies; a planned contrariness or unexpectedness. see type
1. identity in service of separateness; or, 2. separateness in service of identity. Example: Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost both serve(2) God; and, the serpent serves(1) Adam and Eve by empowering each with the ability to lie.
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The foundationalists are philosophers who argue that we must have certain apodictic truths that are self-evident in order for knowledge claims to be deduced from them.
an agreed upon limit such as game rules; spaciality; temporality
world of change open to diverse possibility but susceptible to intervention and mediation; the essential puzzle or question in a literary texts.
corporate embodiment; a collection of like-minded individuals distinct from the mass of others who are taken as the opposition. examples: the Spartans at Thermopylae, 'Uncle Sam','the spirit of the times.'